-
1 scoop out
1) v + o + adv, v + adv + o \<\<flour/rice/soil\>\> sacar* (con pala, cuchara etc)2) v + adv + o ( hollow) \<\<hole/tunnel\>\> excavarVT + ADV (with scoop) sacar con pala; (with spoon) sacar con cuchara; [+ water] achicar; [+ hollow] excavar, ahuecar* * *1) v + o + adv, v + adv + o \<\<flour/rice/soil\>\> sacar* (con pala, cuchara etc)2) v + adv + o ( hollow) \<\<hole/tunnel\>\> excavar -
2 scoop out
v.1 sacar a cucharadas, extraer a puñados, extraer con las manos, sacar a puñados.2 achicar, baldear.3 extraer con pala, sacar con pala, excavar, cavar. -
3 to scoop out
1 (take out) sacar con pala2 (hollow out) vaciar, hacer un hueco en -
4 hollow or scoop out
-
5 scoop
sku:p
1. noun1) (any of several types of spoon-like tool, used for lifting, serving etc: a grain scoop; an ice-cream scoop.) pala, cucharón2) ((also scoopful) the amount held in a scoop: a scoop of ice-cream; a scoopful of grain.) palada, cucharada3) (a piece of news etc that one newspaper gets and prints before the others: The reporter was sure that he had a scoop for his paper.) primicia
2. verb(to move with, or as if with, a scoop: He scooped the crumbs together with his fingers.) cavarscoop1 n pala / cucharascoop2 vb sacar con una pala o cucharatr[skʊːp]2 (amount) palada, cucharada3 (news story) primicia (informativa)4 (large profit) golpe nombre masculino financiero1 (take out) sacar con una pala2 (beat rival) vencer, pisar; (get news first) dar la primicia3 (win) ganar; (make profit) forrarse4 SMALLSPORT/SMALL (in hockey, golf) levantarscoop ['sku:p] vt1) : sacar (con pala o cucharón)2)to scoop out hollow: vaciar, ahuecarscoop n: pala f (para harina, etc.), cucharón m (para helado, etc.)n.• achicador s.m.• cangilón s.m.• cuchara s.f.• cucharón s.m.• cucharón grande s.m.• escoplo s.m.• instrumento en forma de cuchara s.m.• pala s.f.• paleta s.f.• vertedor s.m.v.• sacar con cuchara v.• sacar con pala v.
I skuːp1)a) (for grain, flour) pala f, poruña f (Chi); ( for ice-cream) pala f, cuchara fb) ( measure) ( of ice-cream) bola f; ( of mashed potatoes) cucharada f2) ( Journ) primicia f
II
1) ( pick up)he scooped some rice from the bag — ( with a scoop) sacó un poco de arroz de la bolsa con una pala or (Chi) con una poruña; ( with hand) sacó un puñado de arroz de la bolsa
2) ( gain) (colloq) ganarhe scooped the major awards — acaparó or se llevó los premios más importantes
•Phrasal Verbs:- scoop up[skuːp]1. N1) (for flour) pala f ; (for ice cream, water) cucharón m ; (=quantity scooped) palada f, cucharada fto make a scoop — (Press) dar una exclusiva; (Comm) ganar un dineral de golpe y porrazo *, dar el pelotazo *
2. VT1) (=pick up) recoger2) (Comm) [+ profit] sacar; (Comm, Press) [+ competitors] adelantarse a; (Press) [+ exclusive story] publicar en exclusiva3) [+ prize, award] hacerse con, obtener3.CPDscoop neck N — cuello m en forma de U
scoop neck top N — blusa f con el cuello en forma de U
- scoop up* * *
I [skuːp]1)a) (for grain, flour) pala f, poruña f (Chi); ( for ice-cream) pala f, cuchara fb) ( measure) ( of ice-cream) bola f; ( of mashed potatoes) cucharada f2) ( Journ) primicia f
II
1) ( pick up)he scooped some rice from the bag — ( with a scoop) sacó un poco de arroz de la bolsa con una pala or (Chi) con una poruña; ( with hand) sacó un puñado de arroz de la bolsa
2) ( gain) (colloq) ganarhe scooped the major awards — acaparó or se llevó los premios más importantes
•Phrasal Verbs:- scoop up -
6 sacar
sacar ( conjugate sacar) verbo transitivo 1 ( extraer) ‹pistola/espada› to draw; sacar algo DE algo to take o get sth out of sth;◊ lo saqué del cajón I took o got it out of the drawer‹riñón/cálculo› to remove; 2 (poner, llevar fuera) tuvimos que sacarlo por la ventana we had to get it out through the window; sacar el perro a pasear to take the dog out for a walk; sacar el coche del garaje to get the car out of the garageb) ( invitar):sacar a algn a bailar to ask sb to dance◊ me sacó la lengua he stuck o put his tongue out at me3 ( retirar) to take out;◊ sacar dinero del banco to take out o withdraw money from the bank4 ( de una situación difícil) sacar a algn DE algo ‹de apuro/atolladero› to get sb out of sth 5 (Esp) ‹ dobladillo› to let down; ‹pantalón/falda› ( alargar) to let down; ( ensanchar) to let out ( obtener) 1 ‹pasaporte/permiso› to get; ‹entrada/billete› to get, buy 2 3 ‹ beneficio› to get; ‹ ganancia› to make;◊ ¿qué sacas con eso? what do you gain by doing that?;no sacó ningún provecho del curso she didn't get anything out of the course 4 sacar algo DE algo ‹idea/información› to get sth from sth; ‹porciones/unidades› to get sth out of sth; sacarle algo A algn ‹dinero/información› to get sth out of sb 5 ‹ brillo› to bring out; 1 ‹ disco› to bring out, release; ‹modelo/producto› to bring out ‹ copia› to make, take; ‹ apuntes› to make, take; 2 ( salvar de la crisis) to keep sth going;◊ luché tanto para sacar adelante a mis hijos I fought so hard to give my children a good start in life3 (Dep) ‹tiro libre/falta› to take ( quitar) (esp AmL)a) sacarle algo A algn ‹botas/gorro› to take sth off sbb) sacarle algo a algo ‹tapa/cubierta› to take sth off sthc) ( retirar):saquen los libros de la mesa take the books off the table verbo intransitivo (Dep) (en tenis, vóleibol) to serve; ( en fútbol) to kick off sacarse verbo pronominal ( refl) 1 ( extraer) ‹astilla/púa› to take … out; ‹ ojo› to poke … out; sacarse algo DE algo to take sth out of sth; sácate las manos de los bolsillos take your hands out of your pockets 2 (AmL) ( quitarse) ‹ropa/zapatos› to take off; ‹ maquillaje› to remove, take off 3
sacar
I verbo transitivo
1 (de un sitio) to take out
sacar la cabeza por la ventana, to stick one's head out of the window
sacar dinero del banco, to withdraw money from the bank
2 (un beneficio, etc) to get
3 (extraer una cosa de otra) to extract, get: de la uva se saca vino, you get wine from grapes
4 (una solución) to work out
sacar conclusiones, to draw conclusions
5 (descubrir, resolver) no consigo sacar esta ecuación, I can't resolve this equation
6 (un documento) to get
7 (una entrada, un billete) to buy, get
8 (de una mala situación) sacar a alguien de algo, to get sb out of sthg
sacar de la pobreza, to save from poverty
9 (manifestar, dar a conocer) de repente, sacó su malhumor, he got into a strop all of a sudden
10 (una novedad) han sacado un nuevo modelo de televisor, they've brought out a new television model again
11 (poner en circulación) to bring out, release
12 familiar (producir) esa máquina saca más de 2.500 piezas a la hora, this machine can produce more than 2,500 parts an hour (una fotografía, una copia) to take
13 familiar (aparecer alguien o algo en un medio de comunicación) lo sacaron por la tele, it was on television
14 familiar (superar a alguien en algo) ha crecido mucho, ya le saca la cabeza a su padre, he's grown a lot o he's already taller than his father
15 (un jugador una carta o una ficha) to draw
16 (una mancha) to get out
17 Cost (de largo) to let down (de ancho) to let out
II vi Dep (en tenis) to serve (en fútbol, baloncesto, etc) to kick off Locuciones: sacar a alguien a bailar, to ask sb to dance
sacar a relucir, to point out
sacar adelante, to keep going
sacar en claro o limpio, to make sense of
sacar la lengua, to stick one's tongue out
sacar pecho, to thrust one's chest out ' sacar' also found in these entries: Spanish: achicar - basura - bota - brillo - cara - casilla - chupar - clara - claro - colación - concurso - contrarreloj - descargar - desorbitar - destripar - espaldarazo - estárter - exigible - flote - fuego - invertir - jugo - liberar - listada - listado - moldear - noria - pegote - penetrar - provecho - punta - quicio - relucir - sacacorchos - sangrar - subastar - tajada - trapo - varar - ajustar - apunte - billete - carné - cuenta - desengañar - esquina - limpio - luz - músculo - nota English: assign - back - bail out - bash out - benefit - book - bring out - capital - capitalize - carry - carry through - centre - cheese - dig out - dig up - dislodge - draw - draw out - dredge up - exercise - extricate - find - float - from - get out - get round to - gouge out - jam - job - jump - out - photograph - poke out - polish - polish up - produce - profit - pull - pull out - pump out - put out - reel in - release - responsible - run off - scoop - scoop out - score - serve - sharpen -
7 vaciar
vaciar ( conjugate vaciar) verbo transitivo 1 ‹ radiador› to drain; ‹bolsillo/cajón› to empty; ‹armario/habitación› to clean out 2 ( ahuecar) to hollow out vaciarse verbo pronominal to empty
vaciar verbo transitivo
1 (un cajón, una botella, un contenedor) to empty: vaciamos la piscina, we emptied the pool
2 Arte (una escultura, etc) to mould, US mold
3 (dejar hueco) to hollow out ' vaciar' also found in these entries: Spanish: despejar - volcar English: clean out - clear out - empty - pump out - scoop out - turn out - clean - clear - drain - hollow - strip - turn -
8 cuchara
cuchara sustantivo femenino spoon; cuchara sopera or de sopa soup spoon
cuchara sustantivo femenino spoon
cuchara de postre, dessert spoon
cuchara de servir, serving spoon
cuchara sopera, soupspoon Los diferentes tamaños de la cuchara se definen según su uso: teaspoon (cucharilla de té), coffeespoon (cucharilla de café), dessert spoon (cuchara para postres), soupspoon (cuchara sopera), tablespoon y serving spoon (cuchara para servir) y ladle (cucharón). Las cantidades contenidas se expresan añadiendo -ful: spoonful, teaspoonful, coffeespoonful, tablespoonful, etc. ' cuchara' also found in these entries: Spanish: cucharilla - cucharón - palo - revolver English: dessertspoon - dip - finger - ladle - scoop - scoop out - soupspoon - spoon - spoon-feed - tablespoon - tablespoonful - teaspoon - teaspoonful - measuring - serving - table -
9 pala
pala sustantivo femenino 1 (para cavar, de niño) spade; (para mover arena, carbón) shovel; ( para recoger la basura) dustpan 2 (Coc) ( para servir — pescado) slotted spatula (AmE), fish slice (BrE); (— tarta) cake slice 3 (de remo, hélice) blade; ( de frontenis) racket; ( de ping-pong) paddle, bat (BrE); ( en piragüismo) paddle
pala sustantivo femenino
1 (cóncava) shovel (plana) spade
2 (para servir alimentos) slice (para el pescado) fish slice
3 (palada) shovelful
4 Dep (de tenis de mesa, etc) bat
5 (de remo, hélice, etc) blade
6 fam (incisivo superior) upper incisor ' pala' also found in these entries: English: bat - paddle - scoop - scoop out - shovel - slice - spade - upper - blade - dust - spatula -
10 melon
'melən1) (a large, sweet fruit with many seeds.) melón2) (its firm yellow or red flesh as food: We started the meal with melon; (also adjective) a melon seed.) melón
melón sustantivo masculino (Bot) melon
melón sustantivo masculino
1 Bot (fruto) melon
2 fam (cabeza) head ' melón' also found in these entries: Spanish: media - medio - cortar - horchata - partir - raja - tajada English: melon - rind - scoop out - slice - watertr['melən]melon ['mɛlən] n: melón mn.• melón s.m.'meləncount & mass noun melón m['melǝn]N melón m* * *['melən]count & mass noun melón m -
11 calabaza
calabaza sustantivo femenino ( fruto — redondo) pumpkin; (— alargado) squash
calabaza f Bot pumpkin, gourd Locuciones: familiar dar calabazas, (a un pretendiente) to give sb the brush off ' calabaza' also found in these entries: Spanish: ahuecar - guacal - jícara - mate - pepita - pipa English: pumpkin - scoop out - gourd - marrow - squash -
12 rival
1. noun(a person etc who tries to compete with another; a person who wants the same thing as someone else: For students of English, this dictionary is without a rival; The two brothers are rivals for the girl next door - they both want to marry her; (also adjective) rival companies; rival teams.) rival
2. verb(to (try to) be as good as someone or something else: He rivals his brother as a chess-player; Nothing rivals football for excitement and entertainment.) rivalizar- rivalryrival n rival / adversario
rival adjetivo rival ( before n) ■ sustantivo masculino y femenino rival;
rival adjetivo & mf rival: contando cuentos no tiene rival, she's unrivaled in the art of storytelling ' rival' also found in these entries: Spanish: altura - contraria - contrario - contrincante - rivalizar - submarina - submarino - aplastar - barrer - batir - competidor - competir - enfrentar - vencer English: rival - scoop - scuffle - unrivaled - unrivalled - challenger - competitor - dispose of - great - hold - muscle - opponent - oust - segregatetr['raɪvəl]1 competidor,-ra, rival1 competidor,-ra, rival nombre masulino o femenino1 competir con, rivalizar conrival adj: competidor, rivalrival n: rival mf; competidor m, -dora fadj.• competidor adj.• rival adj.n.• competidor, -ora s.m.,f.• contrario s.m.• emulador, -ora s.m.,f.• rival s.m.• émulo s.m.v.• competir con v.• emular v.• rivalizar con v.
I 'raɪvəlnoun rival mfrival TO somebody/something — rival de alguien/algo
II
they brought out a rival product — sacaron un producto que les (or nos etc) va a hacer la competencia
III
transitive verb, BrE - ll-['raɪvǝl]his voice rivals that of the lead singer — su voz no tiene nada que envidiarle a la del cantante principal
1.ADJ [team, firm] rival, contrario; [claim, attraction] competidor2.N rival mf, contrario(-a) m / f3.VT competir con, rivalizar con* * *
I ['raɪvəl]noun rival mfrival TO somebody/something — rival de alguien/algo
II
they brought out a rival product — sacaron un producto que les (or nos etc) va a hacer la competencia
III
transitive verb, BrE - ll- -
13 spoon
spu:n
1. noun1) (an instrument shaped like a shallow bowl with a handle for lifting food (especially soup or pudding) to the mouth, or for stirring tea, coffee etc: a teaspoon/soup-spoon.) cuchara2) (a spoonful.) cucharada
2. verb(to lift or scoop up with a spoon: She spooned food into the baby's mouth.) dar de comer- spoonful- spoon-feed
spoon n cucharatr[spʊːn]2 (spoonful - gen) cucharada; (- small) cucharadita1 (lift and move) sacar con cuchara; (serve) servir con cuchara\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLto be born with a silver spoon in one's mouth nacer entre algodonesspoon ['spu:n] vt: comer, servir, o echar con cucharaspoon n: cuchara fn.• cuchara s.f.v.• cucharear v.
I spuːna) ( piece of cutlery) cuchara f; ( small) cucharita f, cucharilla fto be born with a silver spoon in one's mouth — nacer* en cuna de oro
II
[spuːn]1. N- be born with a silver spoon in one's mouth2) (=spoonful) cucharada f2.VT (also: spoon out)3.VI † * acariciarse amorosamente, besuquearse *- spoon up* * *
I [spuːn]a) ( piece of cutlery) cuchara f; ( small) cucharita f, cucharilla fto be born with a silver spoon in one's mouth — nacer* en cuna de oro
II
-
14 cantidad
cantidad sustantivo femeninod) ( volumen impresionante):¡qué cantidad de gente/de comida había! there were so many people/there was so much food!; tenemos cantidad or cantidades (fam) we have lots o tons (colloq); cualquier cantidad de (AmS) lots of, loads of (colloq)
cantidad
I sustantivo femenino
1 quantity
2 familiar (número o porción grande) lots of: tienes cantidad de libros, you have got thousands of books
3 (suma de dinero) amount, sum: puede fraccionar la cantidad a pagar, you can divide the payment
4 (cifra) figure
II adverbio familiar a lot: me duele la cabeza cantidad, my head aches terribly Locuciones: en cantidad, a lot familiar cantidades industriales, loads, tons ' cantidad' also found in these entries: Spanish: abundar - alcanzar - algo - andar - aproximada - aproximado - aumentar - bárbara - barbaridad - bárbaro - bestialidad - burrada - carga - cien - ciento - colateral - consignar - cuanta - cuanto - desorbitada - desorbitado - diluvio - disconforme - disparate - elevarse - ser - estimable - exacta - exacto - exageración - exagerada - exagerado - existente - exorbitante - fuerte - gasto - grande - hasta - importante - indemnización - inferior - juntar - kilo - lágrima - manta - mar - masa - media - menos - miseria English: adequate - allocation - amount - appreciable - assess - assessment - awful - bare - by - check - commensurate - dash - decline - double - even - fair - fall off - few - flow - generous - gob - growing - host - large - less - little - measure - measure out - minus - nominal - number - of - pay in - printing - put away - quantity - rainfall - readership - respectable - scoop - sink - small - some - sparingly - sufficiency - sum - swell - taste - workload - worth -
15 grano
Del verbo granar: ( conjugate granar) \ \
grano es: \ \1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo
granó es: \ \3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativoMultiple Entries: granar grano
grano sustantivo masculino 1 (de arena, azúcar, trigo, arroz) grain; ( de café) bean; ( de mostaza) seed; ir al grano (fam) to get (straight) to the point 2 (Med) spot, pimple (esp AmE) 3b) (Fot) grain
grano sustantivo masculino
1 (de cereal) grain (de café) bean
2 (en la piel) spot, pimple
3 (de la lija, una fotografía) grain Locuciones: apartar el grano de la paja, to separate the wheat from the chaff
hacer una montaña de un grano de arena, to make a mountain out of a molehill
ir al grano, to get to the point
poner su granito de arena, to do one's bit ' grano' also found in these entries: Spanish: afear - café - cáscara - paja - salir - brotar - granizo - reventar - tocar - vaguedad English: bean - business - coffee bean - deal - grain - kernel - mountain - ocean - peppercorn - pimple - point - scoop - spot - straight - wholewheat - zit - coffee - corn -
16 helado
Del verbo helar: ( conjugate helar) \ \
helado es: \ \el participioMultiple Entries: helado helar
helado 1
◊ -da adjetivo1 ‹casa/habitación› freezing (colloq); ‹líquido/bebida› ( muy frío) freezing; ( que se ha enfriado) stone-cold; 2 ‹agua/estanque› frozen
helado 2 sustantivo masculino ice cream; ( con palo) Popsicle® (AmE), ice lolly (BrE)
helar ( conjugate helar) verbo transitivo/intransitivo to freeze helado v impers: helarse verbo pronominal 1 [río/charco] to freeze (over); [agua/plantas/cosecha] to freeze 2 (fam)b) [comida/café] to get o go cold
helado,-a
I sustantivo masculino ice cream
II adjetivo
1 (muy frío) frozen, freezing cold: estábamos helados (de frío), we were frozen
2 fig (atónito) stunned, flabbergasted: la noticia me dejó helado, I was flabbergasted by the news
me quedé helado, I was stunned
helar
I vtr (congelar) to freeze
II verbo impersonal to freeze: anoche heló, there was a frost last night ' helado' also found in these entries: Spanish: cucurucho - helada - polo - por - Tiro - tutti-frutti - vainilla - adoquín - apetecer - barra - bola - chupada - copa - derretir - deshacer - gana - haber - nieve - paleta - tomar - viento English: come out - concentrate - cone - cornet - craving - dip - feel - flavor - flavour - front - frozen - ice cream - ice-cold - icy - runny - scoop - stone-cold - tub - vanilla - boggle - fancy - floor - freeze - freezing - frosty - ice - iced - lolly - Popsicle - soda - stiff - stone - stun - stunned - sundae - taste - topping - treat -
17 prensa
Del verbo prensar: ( conjugate prensar) \ \
prensa es: \ \3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo2ª persona singular (tú) imperativoMultiple Entries: prensa prensar
prensa sustantivo femeninoa) (Impr, Period, Tec) press;estar en prensa to be in o at the pressb) ( periodistas)prensa amarilla gutter press, yellow press; prensa del corazón gossip magazines (pl); prensa roja (CS) sensationalist press ( specializing in crime stories)
prensa sustantivo femenino
1 Mec press (imprenta) printing press
prensa hidráulica, hidraulic press
2 (periódicos) newspapers pl; leer la prensa, to read the papers
agencia de prensa, press agency
3 (periodistas) la prensa, the press
rueda/conferencia de prensa, press conference
4 (periodismo) press
prensa amarilla, gutter o yellow press
reportaje de prensa, press report Locuciones: tener buena/mala prensa, to have a good/bad press
prensar verbo transitivo to press ' prensa' also found in these entries: Spanish: agencia - amarilla - amarillo - articulista - billón - brear - cabecera - cartelera - colaboración - colaborador - colaboradora - columna - columnista - comunicada - comunicado - conferencia - consultorio - corresponsal - crítica - crónica - cronista - denunciar - diaria - diario - dominical - editorial - enviado - estanca - estanco - exclusiva - fondo - gabinete - libertad - pantalla - propagar - recorte - redacción - reportaje - reseña - reseñar - resonancia - rueda - semanario - sensacionalista - suceso - titular1 - alternativo - amarillista - declaración - informar English: advertise - announcement - article - back - clipping - comic - contribute - contribution - copy - cutting - edit - editor - feature - find out - gutter press - headline - intend - lead story - leader - learn - marriage - news conference - piece - press - press agent - press conference - press cutting - press release - rag - readership - release - report - review - run - scoop - special - spread - story - syndicate - tabloid press - briefing - gutter - news - printing - spin - tabloid
См. также в других словарях:
scoop out — verb 1. hollow out with a scoop (Freq. 1) scoop out a melon • Hypernyms: ↑hollow, ↑hollow out, ↑core out • Verb Frames: Somebody s something S … Useful english dictionary
scoop out — PHRASAL VERB If you scoop out part of something, you remove it using a spoon or other tool. [V P n (not pron)] Cut a marrow in half and scoop out the seeds. [Also V n P] … English dictionary
scoop out — phr verb Scoop out is used with these nouns as the object: ↑flesh … Collocations dictionary
scoop out — 1) Syn: hollow out, gouge out, dig, excavate 2) Syn: remove, take out, spoon out, scrape out … Synonyms and antonyms dictionary
scoop´er — scoop «skoop», noun, verb. –n. 1. a tool like a shovel, but having a short handle and a deep hollow part for dipping out or shoveling up and carrying loose materials: a) a kitchen utensil to take up flour, sugar, and the like. b) a large ladle.… … Useful english dictionary
scoop up — verb take out or up with or as if with a scoop (Freq. 3) scoop the sugar out of the container • Syn: ↑scoop, ↑scoop out, ↑lift out, ↑take up • Derivationally related forms: ↑scoop … Useful english dictionary
scoop — [[t]sku͟ːp[/t]] scoops, scooping, scooped 1) VERB If you scoop a person or thing somewhere, you put your hands or arms under or round them and quickly move them there. [V n prep/adv] Michael knelt next to her and scooped her into his arms. [Also… … English dictionary
scoop — 1. noun 1) a measuring scoop Syn: spoon, ladle, dipper; bailer 2) a scoop of vanilla ice cream Syn: spoonful, ladleful, portion, lump, ball; informal dollop 3) informal … Thesaurus of popular words
scoop — I UK [skuːp] / US [skup] verb [transitive] Word forms scoop : present tense I/you/we/they scoop he/she/it scoops present participle scooping past tense scooped past participle scooped 1) to dig something out or pick it up using something such as… … English dictionary
scoop — scoop1 [ skup ] verb transitive 1. ) to dig something out or pick it up using something such as a spoon or your curved hand: He scooped water from the stream and splashed it on his face. Carefully scoop out the pulp with a small spoon. 2. )… … Usage of the words and phrases in modern English
scoop — I n. utensil for scooping 1) a coal; flour; grain; ice cream scoop hot news item (colloq.) 2) to get the latest scoop II v. (D; tr.) to scoop out of * * * [skuːp] flour grain ice cream scoop … Combinatory dictionary